Systems and methods for radiographically identifying an access port

ABSTRACT

A power-injectable access port and methods of making are described. One method of making includes forming a power-injectable access port housing, creating a screen including one or more apertures through the screen in the shape of one or more alphanumeric characters, suspending a radiopaque material in a silicone material to form a radiopaque suspension, and depositing the radiopaque suspension onto a surface of the power-injectable access port housing through the one or more apertures of the screen to create at least one radiopaque identification feature. The at least one radiopaque identification feature may have a thickness protruding from an outer surface of the port base such that it is perceivable by sight and touch prior to implantation of the power injectable access port, and is observable via imaging technology subsequent to subcutaneous implantation of the power-injectable access port.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/881,616, filed Jan. 26, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,179,230, which isa division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/599,376, filed Jan.16, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,238,850, which is a division of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/776,517, filed Feb. 25, 2013, now U.S.Pat. No. 8,939,947, which is a division of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/250,909, filed Sep. 30, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,382,724, whichis a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/796,133, filed Jun.8, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,029,482, which is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/610,084, filed Oct. 30, 2009, nowU.S. Pat. No. 8,202,259, which claims the benefit of U.S. PatentApplication No. 61/110,507, filed Oct. 31, 2008, and which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/420,028,filed Apr. 7, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,947,022, which is acontinuation-in-part of the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/368,954,filed Mar. 6, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,785,302, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 60/658,518, filed Mar. 4, 2005,each of which applications is incorporated, in its entirety, by thisreference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows a perspective view of an embodiment of an access portaccording to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 1B shows a schematic side cross-sectional view the access portshown in FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of an access portaccording to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 6A shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 6B shows a side view of the access port shown in FIG. 6A;

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 8 shows a simplified perspective view of a cap for forming anaccess port according to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 9 shows a simplified perspective view of a cap for forming anaccess port according to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 10 shows a simplified perspective view of a cap for forming anaccess port according to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 11 shows a simplified perspective view of a cap for forming anaccess port according to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 12 shows a simplified perspective view of a cap for forming anaccess port according to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 13 shows a simplified perspective view of a cap for forming anaccess port according to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 14 shows a simplified perspective view of a cap for forming anaccess port according to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 15A shows a perspective view of an embodiment of an access portaccording to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 15B shows a top elevation view of the access port shown in FIG.15A;

FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of an access port according to theinstant disclosure;

FIG. 22 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of an access portaccording to the instant disclosure;

FIG. 23 shows a top elevation view of the assembled access port shown inFIG. 22;

FIG. 24 shows a simplified representation of a transverse cross sectionof the access port shown in FIGS. 22 and 23;

FIGS. 25-51 show perspective views of additional embodiments of anaccess port;

FIG. 52 shows a bottom perspective view of an access port according toone embodiment;

FIG. 53A shows a top view of the access port shown in FIG. 52;

FIG. 53B shows a bottom view of the access port shown in FIG. 52;

FIG. 54A represents a radiographic image of the access port shown inFIG. 52 when viewed from above the access port;

FIG. 54B represents a radiographic image of the access port shown inFIG. 52 when viewed at an angle of approximately 20 degrees;

FIG. 54C represents a radiographic image of the access port shown inFIG. 52 when viewed at an angle of approximately 50 degrees;

FIG. 55 shows a cross-sectional view of the access port shown in FIG.52;

FIGS. 56A and 56B show cross-sectional views of example embodiments ofengraved features on an access port surface; P FIG. 57A shows a topperspective view of an access port according to one embodiment;

FIG. 57B shows a bottom perspective view of the access port shown inFIG. 57A;

FIG. 57C shows a bottom view of the access port shown in FIG. 57A;

FIG. 58A shows a top perspective view of another embodiment of an accessport;

FIG. 58B shows a bottom perspective view of the access port shown inFIG. 58A;

FIG. 58C shows a bottom view of the access port shown in FIG. 58A;

FIG. 59A shows a side view of an embodiment of an access port;

FIG. 59B shows a bottom view of the access port shown in FIG. 59A;

FIG. 60A shows a bottom perspective view of an additional embodiment ofan access port;

FIG. 60B shows a bottom view of the access port shown in FIG. 60A;

FIG. 61A shows a bottom perspective view of an additional embodiment ofan access port;

FIG. 61B shows a bottom view of the access port shown in FIG. 61A;

FIG. 62A shows a bottom view of an additional embodiment of an accessport;

FIG. 62B shows a side view of the access port shown in FIG. 62A;

FIG. 62C shows an end view of the access port shown in FIG. 62A;

FIG. 63A shows a bottom view of another embodiment of an access port;

FIG. 63B shows a side view of the access port shown in FIG. 63A;

FIG. 63C shows an end view of the access port shown in FIG. 63A;

FIG. 64 shows a top view of an access port according to one embodiment;

FIG. 65 shows a perspective view of an access port according to oneembodiment;

FIGS. 66A-66D show various views of an access port according to oneembodiment;

FIG. 67 shows a bottom perspective view of an access port according toone embodiment;

FIGS. 68A-68C show various views of a septum of an access port accordingto one embodiment;

FIG. 69 shows a perspective view of an access port according to oneembodiment;

FIG. 70 shows a perspective view of an identifier for an access portaccording to one embodiment;

FIG. 71 shows a top view of an identifier for an access port accordingto one embodiment;

FIG. 72 shows a perspective view of a port and a catheter including anidentifier according to one embodiment;

FIGS. 73A and 73B show various views of an identifier for an access portaccording to one embodiment;

FIGS. 74A and 74B show views of an identifier for an access portaccording to one embodiment;

FIGS. 75A-75C show various views of an identifier for an access portaccording to one embodiment;

FIG. 76 is a view of an identifier for an access port according to oneembodiment;

FIG. 77 is a perspective view of an access port including the identifierof FIG. 76;

FIG. 78 is a view of an identifier for an access port according to oneembodiment;

FIGS. 79A-79C are simplified cross sectional views of placement of anidentifier in a portion of an access port according to one embodiment;

FIGS. 80-81 are views of an identifier for an access port according toone embodiment;

FIG. 82A is a perspective view of a septum according to one embodiment;

FIG. 82B is a perspective view of a septum with an identificationfeature incorporated into an access port according to one embodiment;

FIG. 83 is a perspective view of an access port including anidentification feature according to one embodiment; and

FIG. 84 is a top view of a dual reservoir access port withidentification features according to one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The instant disclosure relates generally to percutaneous access and,more specifically, to methods and devices associated with percutaneousaccess. Generally, the instant disclosure relates to an access port forsubcutaneous implantation. In one embodiment, an access port may allow aphysician or other medical personnel to obtain long term percutaneousaccess to the interior of a patient's body. Employing an access port forpercutaneous access may reduce the opportunity for infection byinhibiting fluid connections (that extend into the interior of apatient's body) from the patient's skin and from the externalenvironment. The access device allows access to the interior of thepatient without requiring a needle to pierce the skin. Further, internalcomponents, such as a catheter or a valve, may be replaced without asurgical procedure. Features or aspects of the instant disclosure mayapply to any such access ports for subcutaneous access to a patient,without limitation. The access port may be injected by hand (e.g., via asyringe including a needle) for example, or may be injected andpressurized by mechanical assistance (e.g., a so-called power injectableport).

Power injectable ports may be employed in, among other processes, forexample, computed tomography (“CT”) scanning processes. Moreparticularly, a so-called “power injector” system may be employed forinjecting contrast media into a peripherally inserted intravenous (IV)line. For example, such power injectors or injection systems may becommercially available from Medrad, Inc., a subsidiary of Schering AG,Germany and may be marketed under the trademark STELLANT®. Because fluidinfusion procedures are often defined in terms of a desired flow rate ofcontrast media, such power injection systems are, in general,controllable by selecting a desired flow rate.

More specifically, the instant disclosure relates to an access porthaving at least one perceivable or identifiable feature for identifyingthe access port, wherein the identifiable feature is perceivable afterthe access port is implanted within a patient. For example, at least oneor perhaps multiple identifiable feature(s) of an access portcontemplated by the instant disclosure may be correlative to information(e.g., a manufacturer's model or design) pertaining to the access port.Thus, an identifiable feature from an access port of a particular modelmay be unique in relation to most if not all other identifiable featuresof another access port of a different models or design. Of course, theat least one identifiable feature of an access port contemplated by theinstant disclosure may be further correlative with any information ofinterest, such as type of port, catheter type, date of manufacture,material lots, part numbers, etc. In one example, at least oneidentifiable feature of an access port may be correlative with theaccess port being power injectable. In this way, once at least oneidentifiable feature of an access port is observed or otherwisedetermined, correlation of such at least one feature of an access portmay be accomplished, and information pertaining to the access port maybe obtained.

In one embodiment, at least one feature may be perceived by palpation(i.e., to examine by touch), by way of other physical interaction, or byvisual observation. Accordingly, a person of interest may touch or feelthe access port through the skin to perceive at least one identifyingcharacteristic thereof. In another embodiment, at least one identifiablefeature may be perceived via x-ray or ultrasound imaging. In yet afurther embodiment, at least one identifiable feature may be perceivedthrough magnetic, light, or radio energy interaction or communicationwith the access port.

Turning to the embodiment wherein at least one feature may be perceivedthrough palpation, other physical interaction, or visual observation, atopography or exterior surface feature of an access port contemplated bythe instant disclosure may be configured for perception. For example,referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, an exemplary access port 10 contemplatedby the instant disclosure is shown. FIGS. 1A and 1B show a perspectiveview and a schematic side cross-sectional view, respectively, of anaccess port 10 for allowing percutaneous or otherwise internal access toa patient's body. Access port 10 includes a housing or body 20 definedby a cap 14 and a base 16. Cap 14 and base 16, as known in the art, maybe configured for capturing therebetween a septum 18. As shown in FIG.1A, cap 14 and base 16 may matingly engage one another along a matingline 15. Cap 14 and base 16 may be secured or affixed to one another viamechanical fasteners such as screws or other fastening devices, may beadhesively affixed to one another, or may be affixed to one another asknown in the art. Further, cap 14, base 16, and septum 18 maycollectively define a cavity 36 in fluid communication with a lumen 29of outlet stem 31.

The body 20 may be implanted in a patient 7, as shown in FIG. 1B, todispose the cavity 36 subcutaneously within the patient 7. Also, sutureapertures 66 (FIG. 1A) may be used to affix the access port 10 withinthe patient 7, if desired. After the body 20 is implanted in a patient7, the upper surface of the septum 18 may be substantially flush withthe surface of the skin 6 of the patient 7 and may be repeatedlypunctured for creating a percutaneous passageway from the exterior ofthe skin of the patient into the cavity 36. The outlet stem 31 maycreate a fluid-communicative passageway from the cavity 36 through theoutlet stem 31 and into the interior of the patient 7. A catheter may becoupled to the outlet stem 31 for fluid communication with the cavity 36and for transferring fluid from the cavity 36 to a desired remotelocation from the cavity 36 and within a patient 7.

Body 20 of access port 10 may comprise a bio-compatible material such aspolysulfone, titanium, acetyl resin, or any other suitablybio-compatible material as known in the art. Accordingly, the body 20may be formed from a bio-compatible plastic material. If desired, thebody 20 may comprise a penetrable material for penetration by sutures orneedles. In another embodiment, and as discussed further hereinbelow,body 20 may comprise an impenetrable material such as, for instance, ametal if desired. Body 20 may include a concave bottom or, in anotherembodiment, may include a flat bottom, without limitation.

According to the instant disclosure, access port 10 may comprise a body20 exhibiting at least one identifiable feature. More particularly, asshown in FIG. 1A, body 20 may exhibit a partial generally pyramidalshape (i.e., a polygonal base having surfaces for each side of thepolygon extending toward a common vertex otherwise known as a frustum).Generally, a body 20 of an access port 10 may exhibit a partialpyramidal shape extending between a generally quadrilateral shaped basepositioned at reference plane 11 and a generally quadrilateral shapedupper base positioned at reference plane 9. Reference planes 9 and 11will not be shown in FIGS. 2-21, for clarity; however, reference toplanes 9 or 11 with respect to FIGS. 2-21, as used herein, will refer tocorresponding reference planes analogous to reference planes 9 and 11 asshown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the exterior of access port 10 is substantiallydefined by four substantially planar side surfaces 50 connected to oneanother by radiuses 32. In addition, the upper topography 61 of accessport 10 is defined by upper surface 60 in combination with chamfers 46Aand 46B and may be further defined by the upper surface of septum 18.Explaining further, the outer periphery of upper topography 61 may bedescribed as a generally quadrilateral exterior formed by side regions54 and having rounded corner regions 30 adjacent side regions 54. Such aconfiguration may provide an access port having at least one featurethat may be perceived by palpation.

It may be appreciated that there are many variations to the geometry ofaccess port 10 as shown in FIG. 1A. For instance, while the body 20 ofaccess port 10 may be described as a partially pyramidal shape orfrustum, the instant disclosure is not so limited. Rather, one or moreof side surfaces 50 may be oriented at as may be desired, withoutreference to any other side surfaces 50. Accordingly, for example, oneof surfaces 50 may be substantially vertical while the remainingsurfaces 50 may be oriented at respective, selected angles. Furthermore,it should be understood that FIG. 1A is merely exemplary and that thedimensions and shape as shown in FIG. 1A may vary substantially whilestill being encompassed by the instant disclosure.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of access port 10according to the instant disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the exterior ofaccess port 10 is substantially defined by a generallyparallelogram-shaped base (positioned at reference plane 11 as shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B) extending generally pyramidally to a generallyparallelogram-shaped upper surface (positioned at reference plane 9 asshown in FIGS. 1A and 1B). As shown in FIG. 2, radiuses 42 may be largerthan radiuses 32 as shown in FIG. 1A. Furthermore, the upper topography61 of access port 10 as shown in FIG. 2 may include rounded cornerregions 40 which are larger than rounded corner regions 30 as shown inFIG. 1A. Thus, FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of an access port 10that may be perceivably distinguishable from access port 10 as shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B. For example, a difference between one exterior of anaccess port contemplated by the instant disclosure and another exteriorof a different access port contemplated by the instant disclosure may bedetermined by way of palpation.

In another embodiment, in another aspect contemplated by the instantdisclosure, a template may be employed for perceiving at least onefeature of an access port. For instance, a complementarily-shapedtemplate may be positioned over and abutted against an access portcontemplated by the instant disclosure so as to determine if the accessport matches or substantially corresponds to the shape of the template.Such a process may reliably indicate or perceive at least one feature ofan access port contemplated by the instant disclosure. Of course, aplurality of templates corresponding to different models of access portsmay be serially engaged with an unknown access port so as to perceive atleast one feature thereof. Such a process may allow for identification(e.g., of a model or manufacturer) of an access port contemplated by theinstant disclosure.

In another aspect contemplated by the instant disclosure, an uppertopography of an access port may include at least one feature foridentifying the access port. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, uppersurface 60 of access port 10 may be nonplanar. More specifically, uppersurface 60 may be tapered or may arcuately extend downwardly (i.e.,toward reference plane 11 as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B) as it extendsradially inwardly toward septum 18. Otherwise, access port 10, as shownin FIG. 3, may be configured substantially as described hereinabove withreference to FIGS. 1A and 1B. Thus, upper surface 60 is one exemplaryexample of at least one perceivable feature for identification of anaccess port contemplated by the instant disclosure.

In yet a further embodiment of an access port contemplated by theinstant disclosure, side regions 54 extending between rounded cornerregions 30 may exhibit at least one perceivable feature. For example, asshown in FIG. 4, access port 10 may include one or more side regions 54that extend arcuately between adjacent rounded corner regions 30.Otherwise, access port 10, as shown in FIG. 4, may be configuredsubstantially as described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1A and1B. Side regions 54 may be congruent or symmetric with respect to oneanother or, in another embodiment, may be configured differently withrespect to one another, without limitation.

FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an access portcontemplated by the instant disclosure. More specifically, access port10, as shown in FIG. 5, includes side regions 54 that form recessedregions 72 between adjacent rounded corner regions 30. Put another way,the upper topography 61 may include alternating recessed regions 72 andprotruding regions 70 positioned generally about a periphery of septum18. Otherwise, access port 10, as shown in FIG. 5, may be configuredsubstantially as described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1A and1B. Such a configuration may provide an access port having at least oneidentifiable feature.

In a further embodiment of an access port contemplated by the instantdisclosure, FIGS. 6A and 6B show a perspective view and a side view,respectively, of an access port 10 generally configured as is describedwith reference to FIG. 5 but having an elongated body 20E. Morespecifically, elongated body 20E of access port 10, as shown in FIGS. 6Aand 6B, includes a side surface 50E that extends generally from uppertopography 61 downwardly (i.e., toward reference plane 11 as shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B) and having a slope (e.g., an angle with respect to avertical axis normal to an upper surface of septum 18) which isdifferent from the other side surfaces 50. Otherwise, access port 10, asshown in FIG. 6, may be configured substantially as describedhereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B. Such a configuration mayprovide an elongated body 20E of an access port 10 having an elongatedside portion.

Of course, one or more side surfaces of an access port according to theinstant disclosure may be configured for forming a body exhibiting aselected shape as may be desired. An elongated body portion of an accessport contemplated by the instant disclosure may form, in combinationwith other features as described hereinabove or, in another embodiment,taken alone, at least one perceivable feature for identification of anaccess port according to the instant disclosure.

FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of an access port encompassed by theinstant disclosure. Particularly, as shown in FIG. 7, access port 10 mayinclude an upper body portion 20 a and a lower body portion 20 b.Furthermore, each of upper body portion 20 a and lower body portion 20 bmay exhibit a partial pyramidal shape (i.e., a frustum), wherein thebody portions 20 a and 20 b are stacked vertically with respect to oneanother. Accordingly, upper body portion 20 a may form an overhangingrim feature 76 extending along a periphery of access port 10. Explainingfurther, lower body portion 20 b may have an exterior substantiallydefined by side surfaces 50 b and rounded corner regions 30 b, whileupper body portion 20 a may have an exterior substantially defined byside surfaces 50 a, rounded corner regions 30 a, and upper topography61. It may be appreciated that overhanging rim feature 76 may be sizedand configured for perception via palpation. Such a configuration mayprovide a suitable access port for delivery of a beneficial or medicinalsubstance, the access port being identifiable (e.g., by model number,manufacturer, etc.) after implantation.

It should be understood that the instant disclosure contemplates accessports having an exterior geometry that is not quadrilateral in nature.Rather, the instant disclosure contemplates that an access port may havean exterior which is generally cylindrical, generally conical, generallyelliptical, generally oval, or an exterior that is otherwise arcuate innature. Specifically, the instant disclosure contemplates that an accessport having a substantially rounded or arcuate exterior may include atleast one feature configured for identification of the access port afterimplantation. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, shows a cap 14 thatexhibits an exterior surface 78 that is substantially conical. Cap 14may be assembled to a suitable base (not shown) for capturing a septum(not shown) as described hereinabove to form an access port 10 asgenerally described with reference to FIGS. 1-7.

The instant disclosure further contemplates that at least oneprotrusion, protruding region, recess, recessed region, undulation, oradjacent features of different elevation may comprise a feature foridentifying an access port contemplated by the instant disclosure. Morespecifically, upper topography 61C, as shown in FIG. 8, may include aplurality of protrusions 80. Protrusions 80 may exhibit partiallyspherical upper surfaces that transition into a lower portion of cap 14.In further detail, protrusions 80 may be circumferentially spaced aboutthe periphery of septum (not shown) as may be desired. In oneembodiment, a plurality of protrusions 80 may be symmetricallycircumferentially spaced about the periphery of septum (not shown). Moregenerally, at least one protrusion 80 may be sized, configured, andpositioned for forming at least one identifiable feature of an accessport. Of course, at least one protrusion 80 may be structured forfacilitating comfort of a patient within which the access port isimplanted. As may be appreciated, at least one protrusion 80 or morethan one protrusion 80 may be included in an upper topography 61C of anaccess port (not shown) contemplated by the instant disclosure.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of a cap 14 including at least oneprotrusion 80E for forming and identifying an access port contemplatedby the instant disclosure after implantation thereof within a patient.Protrusions 80E may extend circumferentially about a center ofrevolution. Thus, protrusions 80E may exhibit a body 87 portioncircumferentially extending between rounded ends 83. Further, cap 14 mayhave an exterior surface 78 that is substantially symmetric about anaxis of revolution. More generally, body 20 may extend from a generallycircular, generally elliptical, or generally oval base positioned at alower extent 71 of the cap 14 to an upper generally circular, generallyelliptical, or generally oval cross section that is smaller than a crosssection of the base and is positioned at an upper extent 73 (withoutconsidering protrusions 80E) of the cap 14. In addition, side surface51, as shown in FIG. 9, extends arcuately between the base and the uppertopography 61 of cap 14. Side surface 51 may extend in a generallytapered or conical fashion, may exhibit a radius or other arcuate shape,or may otherwise transition between a cross section of the base of theaccess port to a cross section proximate the upper topography 61Cthereof.

Further, FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a cap 14 for forming an accessport contemplated by the instant disclosure having an upper topography61C thereof comprising alternating circumferentially extendingprotrusions 80E and circumferentially extending recesses 82, wherein thecircumferentially extending protrusions 80E are circumferentially largerthan the circumferentially extending recesses 80E. In another embodimentof an access port contemplated by the instant disclosure, FIG. 11 showsa perspective view of a cap 14 having an upper topography 61C thereofcomprising alternating circumferentially extending protrusions 80E andcircumferentially extending recesses 82, wherein the circumferentiallyextending protrusions 80E and the circumferentially extending recesses82 are substantially equal in (circumferential) sized or extension. Inyet a further embodiment of a cap 14 for forming an access portcontemplated by the instant disclosure, FIG. 12 shows a perspective viewof a cap 14 having an upper topography 61C thereof comprising threecircumferentially extending protrusions 80E and three circumferentiallyextending recesses 82, arranged so as to alternate circumferentially,wherein the circumferentially extending protrusions 80E and thecircumferentially extending recesses 82 are substantially equal in(circumferential) size.

FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of an additional embodiment of an cap14 for forming an access port contemplated by the instant disclosureincluding an upper topography 61C including circumferentially extendingprotrusions 80T and circumferentially extending recesses 82T, whereintransition regions 81 are provided between circumferentially extendingprotrusions 80T and circumferentially extending recesses 82T. Suchtransition regions 81, as shown in FIG. 13, may taper or generallysmoothly transition between a circumferentially extending protrusion 80Tand a circumferentially extending recess 82T. Also, FIG. 14 shows aperspective view of an additional embodiment of a cap 14 for forming anaccess port contemplated by the instant disclosure including an uppertopography 61C including protrusion regions 96 and recessed regions 98that transition between one another and alternate circumferentially soas to form an undulating topography comprising upper topography 61C.Such an undulating topography, as shown in FIG. 14, generally smoothlytransitions between circumferentially adjacent protrusion regions 96 andrecessed regions 98.

In a further embodiment of an access port contemplated by the instantdisclosure, FIGS. 15A and 15B show a perspective view and a topelevation view, respectively, of an access port 10 generally configuredas is described with reference to FIG. 5 but may include at least onenonplanar side surface. In another embodiment, access port 10 as shownin FIG. 15 may be configured as shown in FIGS. 1-4 or FIGS. 6-7, or anyembodiments described hereinbelow, without limitation. Morespecifically, elongated body 20 of access port 10, as shown in FIGS. 15Aand 15B, includes three side surfaces 50R that extend arcuately (asshown in FIG. 15B). Such a configuration may provide an access port 10that is identifiable subsequent to implantation. In yet anotherembodiment of an access port contemplated by the instant disclosure,FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of an access port 10 including a sidewall 100 that truncates a portion of a radius 32 formed between sidesurfaces 50 of access port 10. It may also be noted that such an accessport 10 may include three suture apertures 66, which may, taken alone orin combination with at least one other feature, comprise at least oneidentifiable feature of an access port contemplated by the instantdisclosure. In addition, as shown in FIG. 16, outlet stem 31 may extendfrom side wall 100.

In a further embodiment of an access port contemplated by the instantdisclosure, FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of an access port 10wherein cap 14 and base 16, when assembled to one another along matingline 15, form a flange feature or lip feature 102 that extends about atleast a portion of the periphery of the access port 10. As shown in FIG.17, lip feature 102 extends substantially about the periphery of theaccess port 10, proximate to the mating line 15 between cap 14 and base16. Such a feature may comprise at least one identifiable feature of anaccess port contemplated by the instant disclosure. Thus, it may beappreciated that a peripheral discontinuity between the cap 14 and base16 may be formed generally along the mating line 15 therebetween. In theembodiment of an access port as shown in FIG. 7, an overhanging rimfeature 76 may comprise a peripheral discontinuity or, in the embodimentof an access port as shown in FIG. 17, a lip feature 102 may comprise aperipheral discontinuity.

In a further embodiment of an access port contemplated by the instantdisclosure, FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of an access port 10wherein at least a portion of at least one side surface 50 is concave.As shown in FIG. 18, concave region 106 of side surface 50 is concave.Concavity (i.e., a concave region 106) may be exhibited over at least aportion of a side surface of an access port of any of the embodiments asshown herein, without limitation. Thus, at least one side surface 50 ofan access port contemplated by the instant disclosure having at least atleast a portion thereof that is concave is one exemplary example of atleast one perceivable feature for identification of an access portcontemplated by the instant disclosure.

In a further embodiment of an access port contemplated by the instantdisclosure, FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of an access port 10wherein at least a portion of at least one side surface 50 is concave.As shown in FIG. 18, region 106 of side surface 50 is concave. Concavitymay be exhibited over at least a portion of a side surface of an accessport of any of the embodiments as shown herein, without limitation.Thus, at least one side surface 50 of an access port contemplated by theinstant disclosure having at least at least a portion thereof that isconcave is one exemplary example of at least one perceivable feature foridentification of an access port contemplated by the instant disclosure.

In a further embodiment of an access port contemplated by the instantdisclosure, FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of an access port 10generally configured as is described with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B.More specifically, elongated body 20ER, as shown in FIG. 19 includes aside surface 50ER that extends arcuately from upper topography 61 ofaccess port 10 downwardly (i.e., toward reference plane 11 as shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B). Such a configuration may provide an elongated body 20Eof an access port 10 having an elongated side portion.

It should be understood from the above-described various embodiments ofan access port contemplated by the instant disclosure that manyvariations, additions, or different features may be encompassed by theinstant disclosure. Thus, the instant disclosure is not limited to theseveral above-described exemplary embodiments.

For example, as shown in FIG. 20, which shows a top elevation view of anaccess port 10 contemplated by the instant disclosure, an access port 10may include a side wall 100 that at least partially truncates a radius32 between side surfaces 50, outlet stem 31 extending from side wall100, and at least one of a concave region 106 and an arcuate surface50R. Further, as shown in FIG. 20, suture apertures 66 may be positionedso as to identify the access port 10 after subcutaneous implantation.

Additionally, the instant disclosure contemplates access ports having anexterior geometry that is polygonal in nature. Specifically, the instantdisclosure contemplates that an access port contemplated by the instantdisclosure may exhibit a generally triangular exterior. Thus, as shownin FIG. 21, body 20 may exhibit a generally pyramidal or tapered shape(i.e., a polygonal base having surfaces for each side of the polygonextending toward a common vertex). Generally, a body 20T of an accessport 10 may extend between a generally triangularly-shaped base and arelatively smaller, generally triangularly-shaped upper base.Accordingly, the exterior of access port 10 may be substantially definedby three side surfaces (e.g., 50, 50R, 102, 50E) having radiuses 32extending therebetween. In addition, the upper topography 61 of accessport 10 may be defined by upper surface 60 in combination with sideregions 54 and rounded corner regions 30. Such a configuration mayprovide an access port having at least one feature that may be perceivedby palpation.

FIGS. 22 and 23 show a perspective view and a top elevation view ofanother embodiment of an access port including a generally triangularexterior geometry. More particularly, as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, a cap14 and base 16 (collectively forming a housing) may capture a septum 118to form an access port 10. Further, outlet stem 31 may include a stembase that may be positioned within and sealed to an outlet recess 93formed within base 16. The outlet stem 31 may be in fluid communicationwith a cavity formed within the access port 10. Optionally, suture plugs89 may be positioned within suture cavities 91 formed in base 16. Sutureplugs 89 may comprise a pliant material (e.g., silicone, rubber, etc.)that may provide some resilience between sutures coupling the accessport 10 (i.e., the base 16) to a patient. In further detail, a sideperiphery 95 (e.g., one or more side walls) of access port 10 may begenerally triangular. Thus, cap 14 and base 16 may collectively form agenerally triangular housing or body of access port 10. Also, theinstant disclosure contemplates that side periphery 95 may increase ordecrease in cross-sectional size (e.g., by tapering or arcuatelytransforming) between upper surface 161 of cap 14 and lower surface 151of base 16. As shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, a transverse cross section(taken in a selected plane substantially parallel to lower surface 151of base 16) of access port 10 may be larger proximate to lower surface151 of base 16 and may be relatively smaller proximate upper surface 161of cap 14.

Additionally, FIG. 24 shows a simplified representation of a transversecross section of access port 10. As shown in FIG. 24, side periphery 95of access port 10 may define three side regions 103 that extend betweenassociated vertex regions 101. In addition, in one embodiment and asshown in FIG. 24, side periphery 95 may define a substantiallyequilateral generally triangular shape. As one of ordinary skill in theart will appreciate, side regions 103 may arcuately extend betweenassociated vertex regions 101; thus, side regions 103 may form “sides”of a generally triangular shape. Further, although vertex regions 101are rounded, it may be appreciated that such vertex regions 101 form anintersection between adjacent side regions 103. Accordingly, one ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the phrase “generallytriangular,” as used herein, encompasses any generally three-sidedgeometry wherein adjacent sides intersect, without limitation. Forexample, the phrase “generally triangular” encompasses three sidedpolygons, circular triangles, equilateral triangles, etc., withoutlimitation.

The instant disclosure also contemplates that at least one feature of anaccess port contemplated by the instant disclosure may not be observablevisually or by palpation but, rather, may be otherwise observable. Forexample, the instant disclosure contemplates that at least one featureof an access port may be observable through interaction with an imagingtechnology such as x-ray or ultrasound. For example, in one embodiment,a metal feature (e.g., a plate or other metal geometry) may be includedby an access port contemplated by the instant disclosure. As may beappreciated, such a metal feature may be represented on an x-raygenerated by exposure of the access port to x-ray energy whilesimultaneously exposing x-ray sensitive film to x-ray energy passingthrough the access port. Further, the instant disclosure contemplatesthat a size, shape, or both size and shape of a metal feature of anaccess port may be configured for enhancing identification of an accessport. For example, assuming that a metal feature comprises a metalplate, a size, shape, or both may be selectively tailored foridentification of an access port. Similarly, a feature of an access portcontemplated by the instant disclosure may be tailored for detection viaultrasound interaction. Such a feature may comprise an exteriortopographical feature. In another embodiment, such a feature maycomprise a composite structure including two or more materials that forman interface surface that may be identified by ultrasound imaging.

One example embodiment of a feature observable through interaction withimaging technology contemplated by the instant disclosure is shown inFIGS. 52, 53A, and 53B. FIG. 52 depicts a bottom perspective view of anaccess port 10. FIG. 53A shows a top view of the access port 10, whileFIG. 53B shows a bottom view of the access port. The access port 10 ofFIGS. 52, 53A, and 53B is similar in some respects to the access port 10as seen in FIGS. 22 and 23, including a cap 14 and a base 16 thatcooperate to define a body. In the present example embodiment, however,the lower surface 151 of the base 16 includes an identification feature200, as seen in FIGS. 52 and 53B. It is contemplated that theidentification feature 200 can be one or more alphanumeric characters,such as the “CT” depicted. Additionally, the instant disclosurecontemplates the use of other markings, such as one or more symbols,patterns, characters, designs, a combination thereof, etc. Theidentification feature 200 can be of any size, shape, or both in orderto tailor the identification feature for the specific identification ofone or more of a variety of characteristics of the access port.Specifically, in one embodiment the identification feature 200 canconvey information to a practitioner regarding the power-injectabilityof the implanted access port. Note that in the present embodiment, theidentification feature 200 is defined as a recessed feature, whereas inother embodiments the identification feature may be defined in otherways, as discussed hereafter.

As mentioned above, FIG. 53A depicts a top view of the access port 10.Note that the identification feature 200 is not observable through theupper surface 161 of the cap 14 or through the septum 118 without theinteraction of imaging technology. As seen in FIG. 53B, the alphanumericcharacters of the identification feature 200, “CT,” are engravedmirror-reversed on the lower surface 151 of the base 16. The “CT” isengraved mirror-reversed so that when imaging technology, such as x-rayimaging, is used to identify a subcutaneously implanted access port, the“CT” will be visible in the proper orientation. By engraving a desiredidentification feature mirror-reversed on the bottom surface of anaccess port, a practitioner will be able to determine if there is aproblem with the port after implantation, such as if the access port hasflipped or otherwise become mis-oriented while in the body of thepatient. Thus, if the identification feature is seen mirror-reversed oraskew in an x-ray image, the practitioner can correct the problem beforeattempts are made to use the access port.

Although also useful in access ports where only a portion of a portincludes a metallic material, e.g., a metal plate, the engravingtechnique is well-suited in one embodiment for access ports that arecomposed of solid metal, such as titanium, stainless steel, or othermaterials that are typically radiopaque, i.e., non-transmissive tox-rays in sufficient thickness. FIGS. 54A-54C are representative imagesof the access port 10 of FIG. 52, which includes titanium or othermetallic material, as seen via x-ray imaging after implantation into thepatient. The access port 10 includes the identification feature 200 asseen in FIGS. 52 and 53B. Due to the relative thickness of the accessport 10, the material of the base 16 and cap 14 surrounding a cavityperiphery 36A of the cavity 36, which is a fluid cavity, issubstantially non-transmissive to x-rays and therefore appearsrelatively dark in the x-ray image of FIG. 54A. However, the material ofthe access port 10 within the cavity periphery 36A is relatively thinnerthrough a cavity base 220 (as seen in FIG. 55) than through the materialof the cap 14 and base 16. Thus, additional thinning of the materialwhen creating the identification feature 200 enables the identificationfeature to appear relatively more radiographically transmissive than thesurrounding material of the cavity base under x-ray imaging. Note thatthe identification feature 200 in FIG. 54A is visible in the properorientation, indicating that the access port is not flipped.

FIGS. 54B and 54C are additional representative x-ray images of theidentification feature 200 of the access port 10, wherein the accessport is tilted at angles of approximately 20 and 50 degrees,respectively. Thus, the identification feature 200 is also useful fordetermining relative orientation of the access port 10 afterimplantation.

FIG. 55 shows a cross-sectional view taken at line 55-55 of the accessport 10 in FIG. 52. In this example embodiment, the identificationfeature 200 is disposed beneath the septum 118 and the cavity 36. FIGS.56A and 56B further depict enlarged cross-sectional views of potentialcut profiles of the recessed identification feature 200. FIG. 56A showsa rounded engraving profile 201, engraved on the lower surface 151 ofthe base 16 and used for purposes of aesthetics and ease ofmanufacturing. For a relatively more defined contrast under imagingtechnology, however, a sharp-edged engraving profile 202 may be used, asseen in FIG. 56B. Note that a variety of cross-sectional recessedprofiles may be employed. This disclosure further contemplates thatalthough engraving is discussed here, other methods of marking theidentification feature may be used, such as milling, machining, chemicalor laser etching, molding, stamping, etc.

Regardless of the cut profile used, better contrast is achievedgenerally with greater engraving depth X. The optimal engraving depth Xwill depend, however, on the thickness of the overall cavity base 220,which is the portion of the base directly below the cavity 36, as shownin FIG. 55. For example, in an embodiment of an access port includingtitanium, if the overall thickness of the cavity base 220 isapproximately 0.020″ then sufficient contrast for x-ray imaging purposescan be obtained in one embodiment by engraving the identificationfeature 200 to a depth X (FIGS. 56A, 56B) of between about 0.009″ andabout 0.011″. In another example embodiment of an access port includingtitanium, where the overall thickness of the cavity base 220 isapproximately 0.030″, sufficient contrast can be obtained by engravingthe identification feature 200 to a depth X of between about 0.015″ andabout 0.021″. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that thedepth of an engraved identification feature can be varied substantiallyin order to comply with a product's safety requirements and still remainwithin the scope contemplated by this disclosure. In addition, the depthX of the identification feature can vary according to the position ofthe feature on the access port, the thickness of material to bepenetrated by the imaging technology, the type of material included inthe access port, etc.

It is also contemplated by this disclosure that the use of anidentification feature in a metallic or other radiopaque access port canbe applied to access ports having a variety of possible configurations,such as is seen in FIGS. 57A-58C, for example. FIGS. 57A-57C depict oneembodiment, wherein the access port 10 includes an identificationfeature 200 on a lower surface 251 of a base or body 116. The accessport 10 in FIGS. 57A-57C includes a retaining ring 230, which seals theseptum 118 to the base or body 116, over the cavity 36. In oneembodiment, the retaining ring 230 is press fit into the base or body116 to hold the septum 118 in place. FIGS. 58A-58C show yet anotherembodiment, wherein the access port 10 includes an identificationfeature 200 on the cavity base 220 and wherein the cavity base is matedto and flush with a lower surface 252 of a cap 114 to define a body. Ina particular embodiment, the cavity base 220 is press fit into the cap114, though other mating configurations can also be employed.

In another embodiment contemplated by the instant disclosure, FIGS. 59Aand 59B show that the location of the identification feature 200 canvary as well. Rather than placing the identification feature 200 underthe cavity 36, it is possible to place the identification feature underanother portion of the access port 10, such as under the outlet stem 31and between the septum plugs 89, i.e., proximate the outer periphery ofthe access port bottom surface. Though the overall thickness of theaccess port structure above the identification feature 200 is greater inthis location than if engraved under the cavity 36, the change inlocation allows for a relatively deeper engraving, which will increasecontrast without risk of excessive thinning of the cavity base 220.Additionally, in one embodiment, it is possible to define theidentification feature compositely by engraving into both the bottom andtop surfaces, such that the engravings are vertically aligned. Thisenables the remaining material thickness to be substantially reduced inorder to provide relatively greater radiographic transmission throughthe identification feature.

Additionally, the instant disclosure contemplates access ports havingany variety or combination of desired identification features forindicating power-injectability or other aspect or characteristic of anaccess port. Specifically, FIGS. 60A-61B depict different types ofidentification features 200, according to example embodiments. FIGS.60A-60B depict a symbolic identification feature 200. FIGS. 61A-61Bdepict an exemplary embodiment of an access port 10 including acombination of identification features 200, namely an alphanumericidentification feature 200A and a patterned identification feature 200B.A patterned or symbolic identification feature can also be used to helpindicate the orientation of the port or for any other desired reason. Itis understood by the instant disclosure that other symbols, patterns,marks, and alphanumeric characters can be used both alone and in anycombination with each other on a variety of access port configurations.

In additional embodiments, the identification feature can be defined onan inside bottom surface 36B of the cavity 36 of an access port 10, orin addition to the identification feature 200 provided on the bottomsurface 251. In another embodiment, the material surrounding thedefining edges of the desired radiopaque alphanumeric character, symbol,pattern, etc., can be removed instead of removing the desired featureshape itself so as to define a “positive” relief image of theidentification feature. Such a positive relief identification featurecan be defined on a lower surface of an access port body or on theinside bottom surface of the cavity, for example.

In addition to the various types of symbols, patterns, marks, andalphanumeric characters that are contemplated by the instant disclosure,FIGS. 62A-63C disclose additional example embodiments of identifyingfeatures on access ports that are observable via x-ray or other suitableimaging technology. Specifically, the instant disclosure contemplatesthe use of shelled-out cavities 204, wherein portions of the access port10 are hollowed out. This results in shelled-out cavities 204 extendinginward from the lower surface 251 of the base or body 116 orcorresponding port lower surfaces of the other embodiments describedherein, including the lower surface 151 of the base 16, as in FIG. 52,and the lower surface 252 of a cap 114, as in FIGS. 58A-58C. This isdone by removing the material surrounding the cavity 36 withoutdisrupting the cavity periphery 36A or the outer side surfaces 250 ofthe access port 10. As seen in FIG. 62B, ribs 240 may be left to supportthe remaining “shelled” frame of the access port 10. The definition ofsuch cavities 204 provides a relative difference in radiopacity of theaccess port 10 that can be identified via x-ray imaging. As such, thecavities 204 can be arranged to define a pattern or to form an indiciafor identification of an aspect or characteristic of the access port 10.Note that in other embodiments, the cavities can be defined so as toextend from other surfaces of the access port, including the top andsides thereof.

In a further aspect contemplated by the instant disclosure, it iscontemplated that a communicative technology may be utilized whereininformation is encompassed by an access port contemplated by the instantdisclosure. Generally, a communication device (e.g., a radio beacon, alight-emitting element, an ultrasound emitting transducer, etc.), may beimbedded or otherwise affixed to an access port contemplated by theinstant disclosure. Such a communication device may be configured fortransmitting information in response to a given impetus. Morespecifically, the instant disclosure contemplates that an access portcontemplated by the instant disclosure may be exposed to a requestsignal (e.g., a sound, an impact or an acceleration, light, radio waves,etc.). Such a request signal may cause the communication device totransmit information therefrom via sound, light, radio waves, or asotherwise known in the art. Such information may be employed foridentifying an access port contemplated by the instant disclosure.

In one exemplary example, it is contemplated that radio frequencyidentification technology may be employed for identification of anaccess port contemplated by the instant disclosure. Particularly,so-called active RFID tags are powered by an internal battery and aretypically read/write devices. Currently, a suitable cell coupled tosuitable low power circuitry can ensure functionality for as long as tenor more years, depending upon the operating temperatures and read/writecycles and usage. So-called passive RFID tags operate without a separateexternal power source and obtain operating power generated from thereader. Passive RFID tags are typically programmed with a unique set ofdata (usually 32 to 128 bits) that cannot be modified. Read-only tagsmay operate as an identifier comparable to linear barcodes which maycontain selected product-specific information. Thus, passive RFID tagsmay be much lighter than active RFID tags, less expensive, and may offera virtually unlimited operational lifetime. The tradeoff is that theyhave shorter read ranges than active tags and require a higher-poweredreader.

One advantage of RFID approach is the noncontact, non-line-of-sightnature of the technology. Tags can be read through a variety ofsubstances such as snow, fog, ice, paint, crusted grime, and othervisually and environmentally challenging conditions, where otheroptically read technologies may be less effective. RFID tags can also beread in challenging circumstances at rapid speeds, in most casesresponding in less than about 100 milliseconds.

Reference is now generally made to FIGS. 64-75C in describing additionalembodiments wherein an access port includes at least one identificationfeature observable through interaction with an imaging technology, suchas x-ray and fluoroscopy, for instance, in order to facilitateidentification of at least one attribute, or characteristic, of anaccess port subsequent to implantation within the body of a patient. Itis appreciated that the embodiments to be described can be includedalone or together with other identification features described hereinand may be employed with access ports having a variety of sizes, shapes,and other variations in configuration. As such, the embodimentsdescribed herein are merely examples of the principles of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 64 shows an access port 310 including a base 316 and a septum 318covering a reservoir defined by the base. The septum 318 includes aplurality of palpation bumps 320 for enabling external digital palpationand location of the septum by a clinician after the access port 310 hasbeen subcutaneously implanted. The port 310 includes a retaining ring330 for capturing and retaining the septum 318 in place atop the portreservoir. In the present embodiment, both the port base 316 and theretaining ring are metallic substance, including titanium for instance,though in other embodiments other suitable materials may be used.

In the present embodiment the retaining ring 330 includes anidentification feature 200 for identifying a predetermined attribute orcharacteristic of the port 310 after implantation thereof. Specifically,the retaining ring 330 includes alphanumeric character identificationfeatures 200A spelling “POWER INJECTABLE,” which indicates that the port310 is capable of power injection. The alphanumeric characters in oneembodiment are inset via etching or otherwise suitably defined in theretaining ring 330 so as to provide a relative thickness differencebetween the characters and surrounding metallic retaining ring material,thus providing a corresponding radiographic contrast when the port 310is imaged with x-ray imaging technology. This contrast enables thealphanumeric characters to become visible in an x-ray and thereforediscernible by a clinician viewing the x-ray, thus enabling the portattribute or characteristic relating to the identification feature 200to be ascertained.

Note that the alphanumeric identification features 200A can be definedon the retaining ring 330 in any number of suitable ways, includingetching, engraving, etc., and the characters can be defined partially orcompletely through the retaining ring. Also, the particular charactersor words used can vary from what is described here. Indeed, othercharacters, patterns, symbols, etc. can be employed in theidentification feature 200. Optionally, the identification features canbe defined in negative relief, as shown in FIG. 64, or in positiverelief, if desired.

Additionally, in other embodiments the identification feature of theretaining ring can be configured in other ways according to theconfiguration of the port. For instance, in embodiments where the portbody includes a non-metallic material, the identification feature caninclude radiopaque ink that is applied to a surface of the retainingring so as to form the alphanumeric or other characters or features. Inyet other embodiments, the identification feature can be included onportions or surfaces of the port in addition to the retaining ring.These and other modifications are therefore contemplated.

FIG. 65 includes the metallic retaining ring 330 of the metallic port310 configured in accordance with another embodiment, wherein theretaining ring defines the identification feature 200, including aplurality of overlapping portions 330A that each overlap a portion ofthe septum 318 retained by the retaining ring. In FIG. 65, theoverlapping portions 330A of the retaining ring 330 cooperate togenerally define a triangular shape, which provides a radiographiccontrast relative to portions of the metallic port 310 below theretaining ring. As before, this provides a corresponding radiographiccontrast when the port 310 is imaged with x-ray imaging technology,enabling the triangular shape to be discernible as a radiopaque outlineby a clinician viewing the x-ray in order to ascertain the predeterminedport attribute or characteristic relating to the identification feature200 to be ascertained. In other embodiments, the retaining ring candefine other shapes in addition to the triangular shape shown here.Additionally, characters, symbols, or other patterns can be defined inor included on the overlapping portions of the retaining ring ifdesired.

FIGS. 66A-66D depict various details regarding the inclusion of anidentification feature for identifying a predetermined attribute orcharacteristic of an access port after implantation into a patient.Specifically, these figures depict a dual reservoir access port 410,including a cap 414 matable to a base 416 and two septa 418 interposedbetween the cap and base. Suture plugs 422 are included with the port410. In accordance with the present embodiment, a bottom surface 416A ofthe port base 416 includes the identification feature 200 foridentification of the subcutaneously implanted port. As best seen inFIG. 66B, the identification feature 200 in the present embodimentincludes a radiopaque marking including the letters “C” and “T” outlinedby a double-triangle border, though many different character, pattern,and/or combination configurations are possible. For instance, inaddition to identifying the access port as power injectable, this andother identification features described herein can be used to designatelot numbers, hospital identification, port brand, etc.

The radiopaque marking of the identification feature 200 can include ametallic powder intermixed with an ink-based marking. Specifically, inone embodiment, the radiopaque marking includes tungsten powderintermixed with 1020 black wire marking ink manufactured by Gem Gravure,Inc. of West Hanover, Mass., in a ratio of three parts tungsten powderto one part ink. Mixing of the two components can include ball mixing toensure good component integration in one embodiment. Also, additives canbe added to the mixture to attain a proper mixture viscosity.

In other embodiments, the powder-to-ink ratio can be modified from thatdescribed above, including 2:1, 4:1, and 5:1 ratios, for instance. Theideal ratio will vary according to the type of materials employed in themixture, the density of the desired image, powder particle size, amountof mixture applied to the port, etc. In yet other embodiments, othermedical grade inks or suitable liquids, as well as other biocompatiblemetallic powders or suitable radiopaque materials, could be used. In oneembodiment, a ceramic, such as zirconium oxide powder, can be intermixedwith a marking ink to provide the radiopaque marking. Ink thinners canalso be added to the mixture, along with other suitable substances asappreciated by those skilled in the art.

As shown in FIG. 66B, the ink-based radiopaque marking that forms theidentification feature 200 in the present embodiment is included on asubstrate 440. In one embodiment, the substrate 440 includes a materialsubstantially identical to the material included in the port 410.Specifically, in one embodiment, both the port 410 and the substrate 440include an acetyl resin sold under the brand DELRIN®, though it isappreciated that other suitable materials could be used for thesubstrate and port.

The substrate 440 is employed as a base on which the radiopaque markingcan be deposited in preparation for integration of the substrate andmarking into the port 410 during an injection molding process so as toencapsulate the radiopaque marking within the molded port. In detail, inone embodiment, the radiopaque marking, including the above-describedink/powder mixture or other suitable substance, is first deposited on asurface of the substrate 440 via any acceptable process, including padprinting, manual or automatic painting, silk screening, use of atemplate, etc. To improve adhesion of the ink/powder mixture, thesubstrate can be plasma treated or corona treated in one embodiment.

Once the radiopaque marking has been applied to the substrate 440, thesubstrate is loaded into a mold, such as that shown in FIG. 66C, whichdepicts the substrate positioned within a cavity 444 of a portion of amold 442. The substrate 440 is positioned within the mold cavity 444such that the radiopaque marking is facing in toward what will becomethe center of the port 410. In one embodiment, the substrate 440 is heldin place within the mold cavity 444 via a vacuum assist system; in otherembodiments, temporary mechanical fixation can be employed, ifnecessary. A template including a hole sized to enable the substrate topass therethrough can be used in one embodiment to assist the technicianin placing the substrate 440 with the proper orientation within the moldcavity 444.

The port 410 is then fabricated by an injection molding process. Thesubstrate 440 is thus insert-molded into the port 410 via the injectionmolding process, which bonds the substrate 440 to the molded body of theport 410, thus encapsulating the radiopaque marking of theidentification feature 200 within the port and preventing itsinadvertent removal. Additionally, due to the relative thinness of thesubstrate 440, the identification feature remains visible through thesubstrate from outside of the port 410, as seen in FIG. 66D, beforeimplantation. In one embodiment, the thickness of the substrate 440ranges from about 0.002 inch to about 0.015 inch, though otherthicknesses can be acceptably used. Later, when the port 410 isimplanted and imaged under x-ray, the identification feature 200 will bevisible in the x-ray image and useful to identify an attribute orcharacteristic of the implanted port.

It is appreciated that in other embodiments, the substrate can beconfigured to be positioned in other regions of the port. In yet otherembodiments, other substrate materials can be used. For instance, in oneembodiment the substrate can include woven high-density polyethylenesold under the brand TYVEK®. In this case, the substrate 440 does notpermanently adhere to the port 410 as a result of the insert moldingprocess, but is removed after molding process is complete. Theradiopaque marking ink/powder mixture initially included on the wovensubstrate 440, however, is integrated into the port body and remainswith the port 410 after molding and substrate removal to serve as theidentification feature 200. Flaps or flanges can be included on thesubstrate to facilitate its separation from the substrate from the portafter molding, in one embodiment. In another embodiment, the ink/powderradiopaque marker mixture is allowed to dry on the substrate 440 afterapplication thereon to improve adhesion to the port 410 during theinsert molding process. In addition to those explicitly described here,other suitable materials can be used as the substrate. In yet anotherembodiment, no substrate is used and the ink/powder radiopaque markermixture is applied directly to the mold surface before the port 410 ismolded therein.

FIGS. 74A and 74B depict details of the substrate 440 and identificationfeature 200 configured in accordance with another embodiment, whereinthe substrate forms a portion of the port base. A raised surface 440A isincluded on the substrate, and a radiopaque marking, such as theintermixed marking ink and radiopaque powder, is included on the raisedsurface to define the identification feature 200. Application of theradiopaque marking can occur in any one of a number of suitable ways,including contact application by a stamp or tamp pad, ink jet printing,physical or chemical deposition, etc.

The substrate 440 with the included identification feature 200 can thenbe inserted into a mold and insert-molded to form part of a base 616 ofan access port. The radiopaque identification feature 200, nowencapsulated within the base, provides the desired identification of apredetermined attribute or characteristic of the port once manufactureof the port is complete.

Reference is now made to FIG. 67, which depicts another identificationfeature for an access port, such as a plastic port for instance,according to one embodiment. In particular, the port 410 of FIG. 67includes a cavity 446 defined on a bottom surface 416A of the port base416. In one embodiment, the cavity 446 is defined to a depth of about0.010 inch, though other depths can also be used according to desire andport configuration. The cavity 446 is filled with a radiopaque fillmaterial 448. The cavity 446 is shaped with a predetermined design orconfiguration so as to form the identification feature 200 when filledwith the radiopaque fill material 448, thus enabling a predeterminedattribute or characteristic of the port 410 to be identified via x-rayimaging subsequent to implantation. In the present embodiment, the fillmaterial 448 includes tungsten powder intermixed with a two-partsilicone sold under the brand SILASTIC® Q7-4840, available from DowCorning Corporation, Midland, Mich. in equal quantities, i.e., equalparts of part A silicone, part B silicone, and tungsten powder. Ofcourse, other suitable materials could also be employed. For instance,titanium can be used in place of tungsten, and biocompatible urethaneadhesives can be used in place of silicone.

In one embodiment, the fill material 448 is injected into the cavity 446by a pressurized syringe, such as an electronic fluid dispenser, thoughother suitable techniques can also be employed, including manual fillingby syringe. Any excess fill material 448 can be removed from the portbase bottom surface 416A after filling, and the fill material can beallowed to cure. Note that in other embodiments the bottom surface ofthe port can include other portions of the port in addition or insteadof the base, as shown in FIG. 67.

FIGS. 68A-68C show details of one embodiment for providing theidentification feature 200 on a resilient septum 468 of an implantableaccess port, such as a plastic port for instance, wherein the septumincludes a radiopaque portion visible under x-ray imaging to provideinformation relating to an attribute or characteristic of the septumitself and/or the access port in which the septum is disposed. In theillustrated embodiment, the radiopaque portion is defined as an annularportion 470 disposed about the upper outer periphery of the septum 468so as not to interfere with puncturing of the septum by needles duringport use. As best seen in FIG. 68C, the annular portion does not extendin depth through the thickness of the septum outer portion, but in otherembodiments the thickness, size, and position of the radiopaque portioncan vary on the septum.

In the present embodiment, the radiopaque annular portion 470 includesbarium sulfate-loaded silicone, while the remainder of the septum 468 isunloaded silicone. In other embodiments, other suitable radiopaquematerials can be employed with silicone or other septum materials. Inone embodiment, the septum 468 of FIGS. 68A-68C can be formed by atwo-part molding process, wherein the annular portion 470 ismanufactured separately from the rest of the septum 468, then the twoparts are adhered together by a suitable adhesive, mechanical fixation,etc., to form the structure shown in FIGS. 68A-68C.

In another embodiment, the present septum 468 is manufactured integrallyvia a co-molding process, wherein separate injection heads are employedin a mold cavity in order to injection mold the annular portion 470 withone or more heads and the rest of the septum 468 with separate heads.These and other manufacturing methods are therefore considered withinthe spirit of the present disclosure.

The principles discussed in connection with FIGS. 68A-68C can beexpanded in one embodiment shown in FIG. 69, wherein a port 510including resilient suture plugs 522 disposed in corresponding sutureplug holes 524 is configured such that the suture plugs include aradiopaque material, such as the barium sulfate-loaded silicone employedin the septum 468 of FIGS. 68A-68C or other suitable radiopaquematerial. So configured, the suture plugs provide the identificationfeature 200 that is visible under x-ray imaging to provide informationrelating to an attribute or characteristic of the port 510. In oneembodiment, the port 510 can include both the radiopaque suture plugs522 and the septum 468 including the radiopaque portion 470 in order toprovide additional identification ability and/or to provide informationrelating to the orientation of the port within the body of the patient.In addition to barium sulfate, the suture plugs can include tungsten,tantalum, or other suitable radiopaque materials. In yet anotherembodiment, one or more radiopaque beads can be disposed in the portbody to provide similar port visibility under x-ray.

In one embodiment, the septum, suture plugs, or other portion of theport can include an ultraviolet light-sensitive material. Theultraviolet light-sensitive material can be applied to the surface ofthe port component or can impregnated into the component. Afterimplantation of the port, ultraviolet light is directed through the skinof the patient to be incident on the ultraviolet light-sensitivematerial of the port, which causes the material to fluoresce withvisible light that is observable through the skin of the patient, thusidentifying the port and/or its predetermined attribute orcharacteristic.

It is appreciated that a radiopaque identification feature can beincluded or associated with a port in other ways in addition to thoseembodiments already described. Examples of this can be found in theembodiments depicted in FIGS. 70-72. In FIG. 70, for example, anidentifier tag 550 is shown, including a ring portion 552 with a slit554 for enabling the identifier ring to be attached to a catheter thatis operably attached to the stem of a port. The identifier tag 550further includes a face portion 556 on which a radiopaque identificationfeature 200 can be placed for visibility via x-ray imaging to identify apredetermined attribute or characteristic of the port. The tag can bedesigned in various different shapes and configurations. For instance,the tag can be included as part of a catheter securement device forlocking an end of a catheter to the stem of the port.

In FIG. 71, the port 510 is shown with a catheter securement device 540that is used to secure the connection between an end of a catheter 512and a stem 530 of the port. A body 542 of the catheter securement device540 is configured to include the identification feature 200 forvisibility via x-ray imaging to identify a predetermined attribute orcharacteristic of the port to which the device is attached. Again, theshape, size, and particular configuration of the catheter securementdevice and identification feature can vary from what is shown anddescribed herein.

In FIG. 72, the port 510 is shown with the catheter 512 operablyattached thereto. The catheter 512 includes two flaps 550 that extendfrom the body thereof, on which the identification feature 200 isincluded in order to provide a visible identification of a predeterminedattribute or characteristic of the catheter and/or port when imagedunder x-ray. Of course, the particular identification feature, as wellas the number and size/configuration of the catheter flaps can vary fromwhat is described herein.

FIGS. 73A and 73B depict yet another example of a radiopaqueidentification feature wherein the identification feature 200 isincluded in an insert 570 formed from a radiopaque material, such astungsten or other suitable material. The insert 570 is suitable forplacement in a plastic or other radiotranslucent port such that theinsert is visible under x-ray imaging to identify an attribute orcharacteristic of the port. Orientation arrows 572 provide usefulindicia of the orientation of the port. By examining the direction ofthe arrows 572, a clinician observing an x-ray image of the port insert570 can determine whether the port is flipped in the body of thepatient. In addition to these, other indicia indicating port orientationcan be included on the insert in other embodiments.

FIGS. 75A-75C show implementation of another example of a radiopaqueinsert, in addition to that shown in FIGS. 73A and 73B, which isincluded to serve as the identification feature 200 for identifying apredetermined attribute or characteristic of a port, including a plasticport, as in the present embodiment. In particular, a radiopaque insert670 is shown, configured to be interposed between a cap 714 and a base716 of a port 710. Note that, though the insert 670 shown here isconfigured to fit over a dual fluid cavity 712 of the port 710, otherinserts including a variety of radiopaque compositions can be configuredto be included in other ways with a port. Additionally, the port candefine one, two, or more fluid cavities covered by septa 718, withoutlimitation.

As shown in FIG. 75B, the insert 670 fits over the fluid cavities 712 ofthe port 710 so as to rest on a portion of the port base 716. Sopositioned, the insert 670 is sandwiched and secured between the base716 and the cap 714 when the base and cap are mated together to form theport 710. Such mating can be accomplished by ultrasonic welding,adhesives, etc. The resulting interposition of the insert 670 betweenthe base 716 and cap 714 is shown in FIG. 75C. When the port 710 islater imaged via x-ray after patient implantation, the insert 670 isreadily visible, thus enabling the predeterminedattribute/characteristic(s) of the port to be identified.

Reference is now generally made to FIGS. 76-77 in describing additionalembodiments of an identification feature 200 that is observable throughinteraction with an imaging technology, such as x-ray and fluoroscopy,for instance, in order to facilitate identification of at least oneattribute or characteristic of an access port or other implantablemedical device including the identification feature, subsequent toimplantation of the device within the body of a patient. It isappreciated that the embodiments to be described can be included aloneor together with other identification features described herein and maybe employed with access ports having a variety of sizes, shapes, andother variations in configuration. As such, the embodiments describedherein are merely examples of the principles of the present disclosure.

In particular, FIG. 76 shows a radiopaque insert 750 including theradiopaque identification feature 200. The insert 750 generally definesa triangular shape and encompasses a central circular hole 752A andthree triangular holes 752B disposed near the vertices of the triangularshaped insert. Three inward extending bumps 752B are included about theperiphery of the central circular hole 752A.

Alphanumeric indicia 200A are also included on a lower portion of theinsert 750, though it is appreciated that such indicia can vary inpositional placement, size, type, etc. The indicia 200A of theidentification feature 200 in the present embodiment include the letters“C” and “T” and indicate an attribute of the access port in which theinsert is included, such as the access port 510 shown in FIG. 77.

In detail, FIG. 77 shows the insert 750 disposed on a bottom surface 752of a base portion 516 of the access port 510, though other positionalrelationships of the insert and the access port are possible. The insert750 is positioned such that the alphanumeric indicia 200A are in reverseconfiguration when the insert 750 is viewed from the bottom of theaccess port 510, such as the view shown in FIG. 77. In this way, thealphanumeric indicia 200A are visible through the access port 510 in aforward configuration when the port is imaged from above by x-raytechnology.

As already indicated, the indicia 200A of the identification feature 200in the present embodiment include the “C” and “T” letter-shaped holesthat are defined through the insert 750 and indicate a predeterminedattribute of the access port 510. In the present embodiment, theidentification feature 200 and the alphanumeric indicia 200A indicatethat the access port 510 is capable of power injection. Of course, otherattributes of the access port can be designated by the identificationfeature, if desired.

The insert 750 is configured to be radiopaque so as to provide theidentification feature 200 when the access port 510 or other suitablemedical device that is not sufficiently radiopaque is imaged underx-ray. Examples of access ports not sufficiently radiopaque to besuitably imaged include those including a thermoplastic, such as acetylresin for instance. When so imaged, the insert 750 of the access port510 is visible in the radiographic image and will therefore providedesired identification to a clinician viewing the x-ray image of thepredetermined port attribute relating to the identification feature 200.In particular, the radiopacity of the insert 750 itself provides acontrast to the radiotranslucent “C” and “T” alphanumeric indicia 200Aand other features that are defined through the insert, thus enablingthose features to be readily identified in an x-ray image.

It is appreciated that the particular items employed in theidentification feature and indicia can vary from what is described here.Indeed, a variety of characters, symbols, patterns, words, etc. can beemployed. Optionally, the identification features can be defined innegative or positive relief, as desired. Further, it is appreciated thatthe geometric holes and indicia described above in connection with theidentification feature 200 of the insert 750 can define together orseparately one or more attributes of the access port 510 or otherimplantable device including the insert, as may be appreciated by oneskilled in the art. Of course, the shape of the insert itself can alsovary from what is shown here.

In the present embodiment, the insert 750 is composed of a mixtureincluding acetyl resin and bismuth trioxide. In one embodiment, forinstance, the insert 750 is composed of a mixture including about 70percent by weight acetyl resin, e.g., polyoxymethylene (“POM”), soldunder the brand DELRIN® and about 30 percent bismuth trioxide by weight.Other relatively differing concentrations of these two materials canalso be used, depending on the desired radiopacity of the insert andother factors. For instance, relatively smaller or greaterconcentrations of bismuth trioxide may be employed, including 10, 20, 50percent, etc. Likewise, though in the present embodiment the insertthickness is approximately 0.020 inch, other insert thicknesses could beused. Further, as mentioned the shape, size, and design of the insertcan vary from what is shown in the accompanying drawings. The bismuthtrioxide in one embodiment is added to the acetyl resin in powder formto define the mixture before molding, though other forms of bismuthtrioxide or other suitable radiopaque material can also be employed.

The insert 750 is formed in one embodiment by injection molding, thoughin other embodiments other processes, including machining and othermolding procedures, may be used. For instance, in one embodiment, theinsert is formed by first extruding a length of extruded material, thenslicing the extrusion into individual inserts. In another embodiment,the insert is provided by stamping or cutting the insert from a formedsheet of material including the base and radiopaque materials. These andother procedures are therefore contemplated.

Once formed, the insert 750 can be included in the access port 510during manufacture of the access port. In one embodiment, inclusion ofthe insert 750 in the access port 510 is achieved via an insert-moldingprocess, wherein the already-formed insert is placed into the accessport mold, then the access port or a portion thereof is injection moldedabout the insert to ultimately produce a port appearing similar to thatshown in FIG. 77, with the insert positioned substantially flush withthe bottom surface 752 of the access port 510. Note that in oneembodiment, a top or cap portion and a base portion of the access portare formed via separate molding processes. In this case, the insert isinsert-molded into the base portion during molding thereof. Then, thecap and base portions of the access port are joined together via asuitable process, such as ultrasonic welding for instance. Energytransferred during the ultrasonic welding of the cap and base portionsassists in solidifying the insert-molded bond between the insert and thebase portion of the access port, in one embodiment.

Note that in other embodiments other processes can be used to mate theinsert to the access port, including placement of the insert in apre-defined recess of the access port, for instance. In the latter case,the insert could be ultrasonically welded into place within the recess,or by some other suitable attachment process.

Note that the access port 510 shown here includes both a cap 514 and thebase 516, though in other embodiments, single piece or other types ofmulti-part ports can benefit from the principles described herein.

With the insert 750 positioned as shown in FIG. 77 so as to be visiblefrom the port exterior, a clinician can view the identification feature200 of the insert and ascertain the predetermined attribute of the portbefore implantation. After implantation, as mentioned, the insert 750enables identification of the port attribute via observation of theidentification feature 200 in a radiographic image of the access port510.

Note that, because bismuth trioxide is not a metal, but rather a metaloxide, a non-metallic access port including an insert partially formedfrom bismuth trioxide can be used without difficulty in situations wherethe presence of metal is problematic, such as in magnetic resonanceimaging (M.R.I.). Further, in the present embodiment the base materialof the insert (acetyl resin) is substantially similar to the materialfrom which the access port body is manufactured (also acetyl resin). Assuch, both include similar coefficients of expansion and contraction.This prevents warping of the insert as the insert and surrounding portbody material cool after the insert molding process is complete. Also,because the insert includes a relatively soft base material, the moldwill not be damaged if the insert is somehow malpositioned during theinsertion molding process.

As mentioned, other materials can be employed in manufacturing theradiopaque insert 750 and other inserts described herein, including asuitable biocompatible base material in place of the acetyl resin and asuitable biocompatible radiopaque material in place of the bismuthtrioxide. One suitable combination for forming the insert includes abase material of polycarbonate sold under the name MAKROLON® 2558 andtungsten as the radiopaque material. Other suitable base materialsinclude biocompatible thermoplastic materials. Other possible radiopaquematerials include precious metals including gold, silver, etc., bariumsulfate and other suitable sulfates, suitable oxides, and suitably denseceramics including alumina, zirconia, etc. Such materials are thereforecontemplated.

In one embodiment, it is appreciated that the use of a base materialthat is the same material employed for forming the access port bodyenables the insert to shrink at a similar rate to that of the port bodyduring the molding process, thus desirably preventing warping of the ofthe port body or insert.

As mentioned, the insert including the identification feature caninclude other configurations, one example of which is shown in FIG. 78,wherein an insert 800 is shown for use in a double reservoir accessport, such as one similar to that shown in FIGS. 66D and 67, forinstance. As before, the insert 800 includes the identification feature200, which in turn includes the alphanumeric indicia 200A. The shape ofthe insert 800 includes a connected triangle design, with each triangleincluding one of the two alphanumeric indicia 200A of “C” and “T”letter-shaped holes and triangular holes disposed at several of thevertices of the triangles.

Also as before, the composition of the insert 800 includes a mixture ofacetyl resin and bismuth trioxide in relative concentrations similar tothose of the previous embodiment so as to render the insert radiopaquewhen included in an access port or other implantable device and isradiographically imaged using x-ray imaging technology. Again, manydifferent character, pattern, and/or combination configurations arepossible. For instance, in addition to identifying the access port aspower injectable, this and other identification features describedherein can be used to designate lot numbers, hospital identification,port brand, etc.

FIGS. 80 and 81 depict yet another possible configuration for an insertincluding the identification feature, wherein a component 850 is shown.The component 850 includes the identification feature 200, which in turnincludes the alphanumeric indicia 200A for providing a radiographicconfirmation of an aspect of the port or medical device with which thecomponent 850 is included. In particular, the identification feature 200of the component 850 includes three alphanumeric indicia 200A of “C” and“T” letter-shaped holes disposed at the vertices of the generallytriangularly shaped component. In the present embodiment, the component850 defines a hole for enabling the component to fit about an outerperimeter of an access port, though it is appreciated that other shapesand configurations are possible. As before, the composition of thecomponent 850 in the present embodiment includes a mixture of acetylresin and bismuth trioxide in relative concentrations similar to thoseof previous embodiments so as to render the component radiopaque whenincluded with an access port or other implantable device and isradiographically imaged using x-ray imaging technology.

FIGS. 79A-79C depict one possible embodiment for placement of the insert750 within the access port base 516 or other suitable portion of theaccess port, wherein a recess 810 is defined in a first molded portionof the port base. As shown in FIG. 79B, the radiopaque insert 750—afterformation thereof by a suitable process as described above—is placed inthe recess 810, and an additional base portion 812 is formed over therecess by welding, overmolding or other suitable process. The insert 750is thus encapsulated in the port base 516. Encapsulation of the insertin this manner can eliminate the need for use of biocompatible materialsin the radiopaque insert. Note that the size and placement of both therecess and the insert within the access port can vary from what is shownhere. For instance, the recess can include a slot on a portion of theport body that is sized to enable the insert to be slid therein, afterwhich the slot is capped to cover the insert.

Reference is now generally made to FIGS. 82A-84 in describing additionalembodiments wherein an access port includes at least one identificationfeature observable through interaction with an imaging technology, suchas x-ray and fluoroscopy, for instance, in order to facilitateidentification of at least one attribute, or characteristic, of anaccess port subsequent to implantation within the body of a patient. Itis appreciated that the embodiments to be described can be includedalone or together with other identification features described hereinand may be employed with access ports having a variety of sizes, shapes,and other variations in configuration. As such, the embodimentsdescribed herein are merely examples of the principles of the presentdisclosure. The identification feature(s) can convey information to apractitioner regarding the power-injectability of the implanted accessport, for example, that the access port is suitable for power injection.

FIGS. 82A-84 depict a silk screening method of imparting anidentification feature to a surface of an implantable access port, suchas a surface of a septum, a surface of the port housing or body, e.g., abottom surface of the port base, and combinations thereof. In FIG. 82A,a sheet or screen 902 having a thickness t₁ includes a pattern, symbol,indicia, and/or alphanumeric character(s), which in this example isshown as a triangular pattern composed of individual squares. The screencan be formed from numerous different materials with differentconfigurations. In one embodiment, the screen 902 is a sheet ofstainless steel with apertures etched through the sheet, for example,via a chemical etching process. A suspension including a radiopaquematerial is formed, for example, by suspending a radiopaque material,such as tungsten, barium, and/or titanium, in silicone, e.g., liquidsilicone rubbers or room temperature vulcanization (RTV). The siliconematerial serves as a high viscosity matrix into which variousconcentrations of known radiopaque materials can be mixed, e.g.,radiopaque materials in powder form. With respect to the radiopaquesuspension/mixture used in the silk screen printing process, varying theconcentration of radiopaque material, the density of the radiopaquematerial and/or the thickness of the screen are exemplary factors indetermining the degree of resulting radiopacity of the depositedidentification feature.

Using silk screen printing methods, the identification feature in theform of a pattern, symbol, indicia, and/or alphanumeric character(s) isdeposited onto a surface of the access port. For example, in oneembodiment, the screen 902 is brought into contact with the surface tobe marked, which in the embodiment of FIG. 82A is a bottom surface 908of a silicone septum 912. The screen 902 and bottom surface 908 arepressed or held together and the radiopaque mixture/suspension isapplied to the screen 902 and wiped across the apertures 904 using, forexample, a flexible material such as a silicone squeegee blade, whichforces the radiopaque mixture/suspension through the apertures 904 andonto the surface 908. In FIG. 82A, the identification feature 910 isdeposited onto a bottom surface 908 of a silicone septum 912 having athickness of t₂, which can be approximately the same as thickness t₁ inone embodiment. The screen 902 is then removed from the device, in thiscase septum 912, and the septum 912 is cured in a standard siliconecuring oven. Once cured, the septum can be incorporated into an accessport 900, as shown in FIG. 82B, such that the identification feature 902is visible through the septum prior to implantation and followingimplantation using imaging technology, such as x-ray.

As noted above, although the surface onto which the radiopaque materialis deposited in FIGS. 82A-B is the bottom surface of a septum, othersurfaces are contemplated such as the top surface of the septum, the topor bottom surface of a silicone sheet incorporated into a port separatefrom the silicone septum, such as positioned on a bottom surface of aport reservoir, on a surface of the port housing or body, such as abottom surface of a port base, and combinations thereof. For example,FIG. 83 shows one embodiment, in which a silk screened radiopaqueidentification feature 924 is deposited on a bottom surface 922 of theport, for example, on a bottom surface of the port base at a locationsimilar to the location showed in FIGS. 52-55, i.e., at a centrallocation under the septum and reservoir. In this embodiment, as with theembodiments of FIGS. 52-57C, the identification feature 200 isalphanumeric characters “CT” mirror-reversed so that when imagingtechnology, such as x-ray imaging, is used to identify thesubcutaneously implanted access port, the “CT” will be visible in theproper orientation.

FIG. 84 shows a dual reservoir access port 930 with silk screenedradiopaque identification features 910 and 924, each under one of thetwo septums of the port 930. The silk screened radiopaque identificationfeatures 910 and 924 could be deposited on any surface of the accessport, which could generally be the same (e.g., on a bottom surface ofthe port) or different (e.g., one on a bottom surface of the port, theother on a surface of the septum). For example, in the embodiment shownin FIG. 84, both of the silk screened radiopaque identification features910 and 924 are deposited on a bottom surface of the port base, and arepositioned such that each is located under a different septum andreservoir of the dual reservoir access port 930. Although the depictionin FIG. 84 is of a pattern under one septum/reservoir and alphanumericcharacters under a different septum/reservoir, both of the silk screenedradiopaque identification features could be patterns, symbols, indicia,one or more alphanumeric characters, or any combination thereof.Moreover, regardless of whether patterns, symbols, indicia, oralphanumeric character(s) are utilized, in one embodiment the silkscreened radiopaque identification features are distinguishable suchthat the two reservoirs of the dual reservoir access port can bedistinguished subsequent to subcutaneous implantation. For example, ifthe two ports serve different purposes or are used to infuse differentfluid types, distinguishing between the two reservoirs could be useful.FIG. 84 depicts the dual reservoir access port in a x-ray image, showingthe difference in radiographic transmissivity between the thick areas ofthe access port 930 and the thinner areas such as the fluid reservoirssuch that the silk screened radiopaque identification features 910 and924 can be seen, as described above in connection with FIGS. 54A-B.

The silk screening process to deposit a radiopaque identificationfeature on a surface of an access port can utilize surface energyenhancement methods for adhering the radiopaque mixture/suspension. Forexample, the surface on which the radiopaque mixture/suspension is to bedeposited could first be activated via a plasma modification technique,such as a Corona Treatment. It is noted that the silk screening processdescribed herein is applicable to any material surface of an accessport, including but not limited to plastic, silicone, metal, andcombinations thereof.

It is appreciated that a radiopaque identification feature in accordancewith the principles described herein can be employed in otherapplications. For instance, in one embodiment, a radiopaqueidentification feature including a suitable base material and bismuthtrioxide or other suitable radiopaque material described herein can beemployed as a distal end plug for a lumen of a catheter. These and otherpossible applications are therefore contemplated.

While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown forpurposes of illustrating aspects contemplated by the instant disclosure,it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes inthe methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be made without departingform the scope contemplated by the instant disclosure, which is definedin the appended claims. For example, other access port sizes and shapesmay be employed; and various other embodiments and structures may beemployed for forming at least one identifiable feature of an access portcontemplated by the instant disclosure. In particular, the access portmay be formed in any number of shapes and sizes, such that any number ofmodifications and changes are possible to any of the embodimentsdescribed and illustrated herein without departing from the spirit andscope of the instant disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of making a power-injectable accessport, comprising: forming a power-injectable access port housing;creating a screen including one or more apertures through the screen inthe shape of one or more alphanumeric characters; suspending aradiopaque material in a silicone material to form a radiopaquesuspension; and depositing the radiopaque suspension onto a surface ofthe power-injectable access port housing through the one or moreapertures of the screen to create at least one radiopaque identificationfeature having a thickness protruding from an outer surface of apower-injectable access port base such that it is perceivable by sightand touch prior to implantation of the power-injectable access port, theat least one radiopaque identification feature observable via imagingtechnology subsequent to subcutaneous implantation of thepower-injectable access port, the at least one radiopaque identificationfeature indicating that the power-injectable access port is suitable forpower injection.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein thedepositing step comprises: holding the screen against the surface of thepower-injectable access port housing; applying the radiopaque suspensionto the screen over the one or more apertures; and forcing the radiopaquesuspension through the one or more apertures and onto the surface of thepower-injectable access port housing.
 3. The method according to claim1, wherein the screen comprises a sheet of stainless steel, and whereinthe creating step comprises etching the one or more apertures throughthe sheet of stainless steel.
 4. The method according to claim 3,wherein the etching comprises a chemical etching process.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein forming the power-injectable access porthousing comprises: forming a power-injectable access port cap; formingthe power-injectable access port base; and capturing one or more septumsbetween the power-injectable access port cap and the power-injectableaccess port base.
 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein thesurface of the power-injectable access port housing is a bottom surfaceof the power-injectable access port base.
 7. The method according toclaim 5, wherein forming the power-injectable access port base comprisesforming a first fluid cavity and a second fluid cavity, and whereincapturing one or more septums comprises covering the first fluid cavityby a first septum, and covering the second fluid cavity by a secondseptum.
 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the surface of thepower-injectable access port housing is a bottom surface of thepower-injectable access port base.
 9. The method according to claim 8,wherein the at least one radiopaque identification feature includes afirst radiopaque identification feature and a second radiopaqueidentification feature, and wherein the depositing step comprises:depositing the first radiopaque identification feature on the bottomsurface of the power-injectable access port base under the first fluidcavity; and depositing the second radiopaque identification feature onthe bottom surface of the power-injectable access port base under thesecond fluid cavity.
 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein thesecond radiopaque identification feature is distinguishable from thefirst radiopaque identification feature.
 11. The method according toclaim 9, wherein the one or more alphanumeric characters includes anabbreviation for computed tomography.
 12. The method according to claim11, wherein the abbreviation for computed tomography includes theletters “C” and “T”.
 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein thesecond radiopaque identification feature is distinguishable from thefirst radiopaque identification feature.
 14. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the one or more alphanumeric characters includes anabbreviation for computed tomography.
 15. The method according to claim14, wherein the abbreviation for computed tomography includes theletters “C” and “T”.
 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein theimaging technology includes x-ray imaging technology.
 17. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the power-injectable access port housingcomprises a bio-compatible plastic material.
 18. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the radiopaque material is selected from the groupconsisting of tungsten, barium, titanium, and combinations thereof. 19.The method according to claim 1, further comprising activating thesurface of the power-injectable access port housing prior to thedepositing step via a Corona Treatment.
 20. A method of making apower-injectable access port, comprising: forming a power-injectableaccess port housing; creating a screen including one or more aperturesthrough the screen; suspending a radiopaque material in a siliconematerial to form a radiopaque suspension; and depositing the radiopaquesuspension onto a surface of the power-injectable access port housingthrough the one or more apertures of the screen to create at least oneradiopaque identification feature having a thickness protruding from anouter surface of a power-injectable access port base such that it isperceivable by sight and touch prior to implantation of thepower-injectable access port, the at least one radiopaque identificationfeature observable via imaging technology subsequent to subcutaneousimplantation of the power-injectable access port.